What is shoulder dystocia?

• A. When the baby's head has been born but one shoulder becomes stuck behind the mother's pubic bone, delaying the birth of the baby's body
• B. When the baby's head is not yet delivered
• C. When the placenta detaches early
• D. When the umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck

Answer: (A)

Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency in which, after the head has delivered, the shoulders become stuck behind the mother’s pubic bone, delaying the birth of the rest of the baby. This impaction often requires rapid, specific maneuvers to relieve the blockage and allow the body to deliver. The description in this scenario perfectly captures that sequence—head delivered, but one shoulder obstructed behind the pubic symphysis, leading to a delay in the body’s birth.

The other options describe different situations: one where the head has not yet delivered (incomplete delivery of the head), early placental detachment (placental abruption), or a nuchal cord (umbilical cord around the neck). None of these describe shoulders stuck after the head has already come out, which is what defines shoulder dystocia.